Tenebrism

Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes, c. 1625. Oil on canvas, approx. 6' x 4' 8". Detroit Institute of the Arts (gift of Leslie H. Green).

Caravaggio, Calling of St. Matthew, circa 1597-1601. Oil on canvas, 11' 1" x 11' 5". Contraelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome.

Painting in the tenebroso or 'dark manner,' using violent contrasts of light and dark, as in the work of Caravaggio. (Frederick Hartt)

Naturalism

Mirabello Cavalori. Wool Factory. 1570-72. Oil on slate. Studiolo, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence.

Naturalism: An approach to art in which objects are depicted by the artist as they are empirically observed rather than according to stylistic or conceptual preconceptions. Art of the Greek Classical period is sometimes described as the first naturalistic art and that of the Italian Renaissance as a revival of naturalism. (Michael Clarke)